Pursuing Public Safety.A Loose Fish in the Sea of Criminal Justice Term Paper

Pursuing Public Safety.A Loose Fish in the Sea of Criminal Justice - Term Paper Example The states have enforced or applied the principles of incapacitation and rehabilitation as ways to ensure public safety. Recidivism is defined as â€Å"a tendency to slip back into a previous criminal behavior pattern† such as the return to prison or a new sentence for a new offense (Beck, n.d.) The principle behind incapacitation follows that a person who is imprisoned will not perpetrate a crime. Imprisonment and capital punishment are the major ways to compel incapacitation which will prevent a person to commit a crime. Rehabilitation, on the other hand, is non-punitive and believes that a person can be prohibited to commit a crime by helping him to solve his issues that led him to commit a crime. This principle considers that each person is defective and commission of a crime is not the person’s purpose but may be a result of other physical, emotional, sociological factors (Renter, 2008). The paper talks about how the government should focus on determining the strat egies that will actually lessen the recidivism. According to Gomez (2008), although there are lots of theories on how to reduce recidivism and ensure public safety, resorting to incapacitation has not been very helpful to achieve these goals. This is because the government and the criminal justice system has devoted its resources and focus on isolating the lawbreakers and not on how to treat the criminal behaviour of the offenders. The treating of behaviour of the criminal offenders is more important than just merely imprisoning them. Thus, according to the Gomez (2008), it is better to make sure those who are capable of earning an honest living be allowed and encourage doing so. During the time the study of Gomez (2008) was still ongoing, Minnesota is suffering the highest unemployment rate in seventeen years thus the government thought that it should be the time to address the reality and let this offender work without sacrificing the public safety of the people. Aside from being able to give a chance for the offenders to earn and support their family and earn an honest living, they can help Minnesota on solving issues on impaired bridges, highways, dams, plants and water systems (Gomez, 2008). This is something like â€Å"hitting two birds with one stone.† The offenders are more likely not going to commit crime again because of the employment opportunity given to them. If this is the case, recidivism issue is addressed and community problems are solved without sacrificing public safety. Another Look at That Loose Fish But certainly, this approach will not always be giving us the positive effects. If there should be a reason why we should not try to reduce recidivism among the state and federal prisoners by teaching them to build houses and highways that would not otherwise be built is because of the fact that there will be a number of prisoners that will just run-off and leave the responsibilities. Another reason is that it is going to be unfair for the public because as we know, there is a high unemployment rate, meaning there are still a lot of people in the community who are unemployed and are not given an opportunity to get a job because these jobs are given to the offenders or felons. Billions of dollars are spent by the government to incarcerate felons to train and at least some of them so they can re-enter the free world more capable of

The Causes of Eating Disorders for High School Students and How Can it Essay

The Causes of Eating Disorders for High School Students and How Can it be Mitigated - Essay Example The most affected are children and teenagers which constitute about 90%. It has also been found that women have a high prevalence rate than men with about 1 in 5 women showing symptoms of eating disorders. Though, the number of male victims has been doubling. With about 5.6% of teenagers dying of eating disorders related illness, this condition qualifies to be an educational problem (Laird & Janet, 2010). Therefore, the choice the topic is relevant for research purposes. Moreover, the worst hit by the condition are school going children. To this end, this research essay seeks to answer three research questions. They are: What are the common types of eating disorders for high school children? What are the causes? How can it be mitigated? In developing the research question, the following procedure was followed. After deciding on the research a topic, an extensive literature review was done after which clear and concise questions were posed. However, the questions are broad and a short research essay may cover the issues comprehensively. The research also relies on the analysis of existing data and information and this may result into unreliable and invalid findings and conclusions. . Since the research concentrates on seeking answers to eating disorders in high school children, it can be classified under explanatory research. This type of research attempts to ask questions why a given phenomena exits or why an occurrence has happened (Gary & Nancy). Many medical authors define eating disorders as a group of psychological condition that alters a person eating habits and behavior. These habits are unhealthy, maladaptive and abnormal in nature. Therefore, the disorder affects both the physical and emotional states of the victims. Although there are many eating disorders, three types are common in high school children namely: anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder. The anorexia nervosa is characterized by maintenance of low body weight brought a bout by too much concern about body weight and shape. The affected students have great fear of becoming fat. This condition is dominant in girls because they are more preoccupied with image than boys. To achieve low weight, the students take food with low calorific value. The symptoms of this condition include: weak body brought by poor nutrition, bone loss and absence of menstruation in girls. It also results into late puberty and stunted growth (Susan, 2008). The second type, bulimia nervosa is characterized by excessive intake of food after short interval followed by compensatory habits such as excessive exercise and induced vomiting. This disorder leads to digestive system problems, dehydration and fatigue. The last type, the binge eating disorder, is simply recurrent large intake of food without practicing compensatory habit. The victims have no control of their condition and in most cases feel ashamed of it. This disorder can cause obesity. Other diseases associated with it ar e diabetes, high blood pressure and stoke. It is difficult to determine the exact cause of eating disorder in an individual. Nevertheless, several factors have been found to cause eating disorders. These range from biological to cultural. However, the later is the main cause of this condition. The problem has got more to do with fashion trend than genetics. Currently, most people in the world associate thinness of body with beauty. The media has propagated this notion by misinforming the public that the starting point to modeling is body size. When a celebrated artist or star supports such a position as in the recent

Brand communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Brand communication - Essay Example Net-A-Porter focuses on the quality of the brand, packaging of the products, and an effective delivery service. There are printed publications available for the customers to inform them on the current fashion trends. This exposes the brand and creates awareness, therefore, attracting new customers. Net-A-Porter has developed a mobile application known as Aurasma technology. The customers need to download the application, in order, to access different videos that show the campaigns of the advertisements. Such programs aid the customers in the determination of their required products in relation to the fashion trends (Peelen, 2005). The online retailer uses direct marketing through its managers. It uses email to communicate with the customers. In explanation, the manager in charge of the email marketing develops a regular email channel that supports the flow of information within the various departments. This ensures that the emails sent to the customers influence their purchasing behavior to buy more products. The emails create a platform for the feedback from the customers. There is an analysis of such feedback in consideration of the customers’

Pick the topic by your own Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Pick the topic by your own - Essay Example Most of the time in the writing classes, students encounter various forms of essay genres, and most of them follow under expository, narratives, descriptive, and argumentative approaches. Before pointing out and discussing these elements, it is important to understand first of all what an essay is. The origin of the word essay can be traced back to the French influence on Middle English. In Latin, the word is a form of a verb known as exigent, and it literally meaning is to drive out, while other meanings are to test and examine. Thus, from these meanings, students are able to understand the importance of writing academic essays, which enables them to examine and test their own ideas about a particular topic. Essay writing requires a student to learn various skills that are significant in writing excellent essays. Some of these skills are like persuasion, analysis, close reading, exposition, contrast and comparison, and also clarity. By nature, essays should be written in a way that depicts clarity in direction and purpose, should be interesting, and also should be deliberate. When students understand various essay genres, they are able to familiarize themselves with the process of writing essays, and as a result, they become confident in writing any form of an essay. Essay writing also involves some essential elements that dominate in all kinds of academic writing assignment. Failure to use one or any important element might make the essay inadequate. Some elements are weighed more heavily than others depending on either the assignment, specific course or the academic discipline one is pursuing. These elements include; This part forms the point of the paper, and it gives the purpose of the essay. It gives the main focus of the paper, its significance, originality, and gives a clue of the expected academic audience. The thesis

Economic of Race and Gender Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Economic of Race and Gender - Essay Example Although such legislation was needed to ensure equal access to employment for all Americans, it also served the purpose of defining diversity by symbolizing what characteristics of American workers should be preserved in the workplace. In this regard, organizations have relied on policies, such as the 4/5ths rule, for ensuring that selection tools do not unfairly discriminate against minority applicants. From the critical perspective, societies themselves made a rational justification for diversity, revealing through their practices that diversification of the workplace in economics is a necessity for increasing workplace innovation and creativity (Cox & Blake, 1991). This rational argument of economic necessity for diversity has been vividly articulated during the United States Supreme Court case of Gratz v.Bollinger (2003). In this case the University of Michigan’s admissions practices were challenged for automatically awarding minority applicants â€Å"diversity points† that were not available for non-minority applicants. A number of organizations filed briefs supporting the University of Michigan’s policies because promoting diversity in higher education would increase the pool of highly qualified applicants for future workforce. Arguments raised in the briefs were that students educated around diversity (1) are more adept at facilitating unique and creative approaches to problem solving; (2) are better able to develop products that appeal to a wide variety of consumers; (3) are better equipped for working with diverse business partners, employees, and clientele and; (4) will contribute to a positive work environment through decreasing incidents of discrimination and stereotyping (3M et al., 2003). Cox and Blake (1991) argued that attitudes, cognition, behaviors, and beliefs are distributed differently across ages, races, and genders, therefore, such heterogeneity, can foster creativity and innovations.

Pick the topic by your own Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Pick the topic by your own - Essay Example Most of the time in the writing classes, students encounter various forms of essay genres, and most of them follow under expository, narratives, descriptive, and argumentative approaches. Before pointing out and discussing these elements, it is important to understand first of all what an essay is. The origin of the word essay can be traced back to the French influence on Middle English. In Latin, the word is a form of a verb known as exigent, and it literally meaning is to drive out, while other meanings are to test and examine. Thus, from these meanings, students are able to understand the importance of writing academic essays, which enables them to examine and test their own ideas about a particular topic. Essay writing requires a student to learn various skills that are significant in writing excellent essays. Some of these skills are like persuasion, analysis, close reading, exposition, contrast and comparison, and also clarity. By nature, essays should be written in a way that depicts clarity in direction and purpose, should be interesting, and also should be deliberate. When students understand various essay genres, they are able to familiarize themselves with the process of writing essays, and as a result, they become confident in writing any form of an essay. Essay writing also involves some essential elements that dominate in all kinds of academic writing assignment. Failure to use one or any important element might make the essay inadequate. Some elements are weighed more heavily than others depending on either the assignment, specific course or the academic discipline one is pursuing. These elements include; This part forms the point of the paper, and it gives the purpose of the essay. It gives the main focus of the paper, its significance, originality, and gives a clue of the expected academic audience. The thesis

Robots in industry Essay Example for Free

Robots in industry Essay Robots are needed in industry. They bring many benefits to workers as well as company owners by taking care of difficult and dangerous jobs and by being cost effective. They constitute another tool in manufacturing sites that contain, for example, advanced assembly lines. The concept of a robot goes back as far as the Egyptians time. Early ideas about the use of robots presented problems in terms of their functions to society and the way in which they affected the opportunities of skilled workers. However, robots managed to stay in industry for good. Presently, single purpose systems, like welding or palletizing robots, are dominating the market. At the beginning of 1998, analysts estimated the robotics industry at $8 billion worldwide. Further developments in the robotics field will be driven by the development in related industries such as the industry of sensors and the industry of chips. Future customers will probably ask for robots with more autonomous capabilities. This idea is driving robot-manufacturing companies to consider new developmental areas in the field of robotics. In general, the sections below will basically explore, in order, the concept of a robot this project is concerned with, the history of robots in industry, a more detailed study on the robots market and the nations that use them, the current status of the industry, and possible future trends. The word robot was coined by Karel Capek who wrote a play entitled R. U. R. or Rossums Universal Robots back in 1921. The base for this word comes from the Czech word robotnik which means worker. In his play, machines modeled after humans had great power but without common human failings. In the end these machines were used for war and eventually turned against their human creators. But even before that the Greeks made movable statues that were the beginnings of what we would call robots. For the most part, the word Robot today means any man-made machine that can perform work or other actions normally performed by humans. Most robots today are used in factories to build products such as cars and electronics. Others are used to explore underwater and even on other planets. With these three components, robots can interact and affect their environment to become useful. Since robots are used mainly in manufacturing, we see their impact in the products we use every day. Usually this results in a cheaper product. Robots are also used in cases where it can do a better job than a human such as surgery where high precision is a benefit. And, robots are used in exploration in dangerous places such as in volcanoes, which allows us to learn without endangering ourselves. Advantage of robots With the advancements of robotics, people would have the ability to create a robotic version of themselves by uploading their conscience (brain) to a robotic body. By no longer residing in a carbon-based body, repairs and maintenance could be easily improved, leading to near immortality. Also, with intelligent robots at our command, humans could let robots do everything for them, giving people freedom from mundane or hazardous tasks, and creating more leisure time. Robots can do things we humans just dont want to do, and usually do it cheaper. Robots can do things more precise than humans and allow progress in medical science and other useful advances. Disadvantages of robots As with any machine, robots can break and even cause disaster. They are powerful machines that we allow to control certain things. When something goes wrong, terrible things can happen. Luckily, this is rare because robotic systems are designed with many safety features that limit the harm they can do. Theres also the problem of evil people using robots for evil purposes. This is true today with other forms of technology such as weapons and biological material. Of course, robots could be used in future wars. This could be good or bad. If humans perform their aggressive acts by sending machines out to fight other machines, that would be better than sending humans out to fight other humans. Teams of robots could be used to defend a country against attacks while limiting human casualties. Either way, human nature is the flawed component thats here to stay. Job Displacement Some people are concerned that robots will reduce the number of jobs and kick people out of their jobs. This is almost never the case. The net affect of advanced technology such as robots (or cars, electric drills and other machines) is that humans become more productive. Disadvantages of continuing advancements on Robotics Continuing advancements on Robotics and Artificial Intelligence, really one in the same, poses many potential hazards. Due to the advantages of silicon-based over carbon-based life forms, they could replace or enslave us, due to superior strength, speed, and lack of morals inherent with AI among many other things. For one, they would be able to self-replicate, which would make them nearly impossible to stop. With their built-in intelligence, they could make duplicate upon duplicate of themselves in a short amount of time. Because they would be able to think, Robots would be tremendously more dangerous than nuclear weapons. Due to their supposedly unbiased reasoning and logic, robots could easily be placed in positions of power, thereby disrupting the political scene worldwide. If robots could think to do things for themselves, then they would take over skilled and unskilled labor jobs, leaving millions jobless. Robots pose a serious quandary in their classification. The Future Of Robotics The population of robots is growing rapidly. This growth is lead by Japan that has almost twice as many robots as the USA. All estimates suggest that robots will play an ever-increasing role in modern society. They will continue to be used in tasks were danger, repetition, cost, and precision prevents humans from performing. Some Definitions Of The Word Robot And Other Relevant Words: Robot Or automaton, mechanical device designed to perform the work generally done by a human being. The Czech dramatist Karel Capek popularized the expression [from Czech, = compulsory labor] in his play R. U. R. (Rossums Universal Robots), produced in Prague in 1921. Modern robotics has produced innumerable devices that replace human personnel and the term robot is used to designate much of this machinery. It is used frequently in fiction, referring to a self-controlling machine shaped like a human being. Robot A mechanical device for performing a task which might otherwise be done by a human, e. g. spraying paint on cars. Robotics Science and technology of general purpose, programmable machine systems. Contrary to the popular fiction image of robots as ambulatory machines of human appearance capable of performing almost any task, most robotic systems are anchored to fixed positions in factories where they perform a flexible, but restricted, number of operations in computer-aided manufacturing. Such a system minimally contains a computer to control operations and effecters, devices that perform the desired work. Additionally, it might have sensors and auxiliary equipment or tools under its control. Some robots are relatively simple mechanical machines that perform a dedicated task such as welding or spray painting. Other more complex, multitask systems use sensory systems to gather information needed to control its work. A robots sensors might provide tactile feedback, so that it can pick up objects and place them properly, without damaging them. Another robot sensory system might include a form of machine vision that can detect flaws in manufactured goods. Some robots used to assemble electronic circuit boards can place odd-sized components in the proper location after visually locating positioning marks on the board. The simplest form of mobile robots, used to deliver mail in office buildings or to gather and deliver parts in manufacturing, follow the path of a buried cable or a painted line, stopping whenever their sensors detect an object or person in their path. More complex mobile robots are used in more unstructured environments such as mining. Artificial Intelligence The subfield of computer science concerned with the concepts and methods of symbolic inference by computer and symbolic knowledge representation for use in making inferences. AI can be seen as an attempt to model aspects of human thought on computers. It is also sometimes defined as trying to solve by computer any problem that a human can solve faster. Examples of AI problems are computer vision (building a system that can understand images as well as a human) and natural language processing (building a system that can understand and speak a human language as well as a human). These may appear to be modular, but all attempts so far (1993) to solve them have foundered on the amount of context information and intelligence they seem to require. My Thoughts I think that robots are good and better the workplace to make jobs easier and quicker. Also they can perform dangerous task such as jobs with chemicals. It is better for the employee because they are cheap and can work 24 hrs, but the workers are out of a job. Technology is changing all the time and robots are becoming more and more powerful. We all depend on robots very much and this dependency will grow. But robots can break down or get a virus. But over all I think robots will become better and better.